Wmý Èkh - 1922'04'13
ƒ¸l wOHdmkh - ·fi»ud “d:ñl rcfê úoHd,h
1949 - ,ývkfê täýn¾/ ú’j úoHd,fê wOHdmkh
1952 - bsydih yd wd¾Òlh iïnýO Wmdêh
1952 - “dý´½ úoHd,fê bsydih b.eýùu
1953 - ìß| udrdhd ue11 - orejý ir fofk#
1954 - w†ldŒ cdsl ixúOdkh –¾]ùu
1958 - geý.ÿhld wdikfhý kef.k¾r m,d; ÿfh»ckh
1958 - md¾¸fïýufõ úm"I kdhl
1960 - wý;¾ md,k rcfê uy weus
1961 - ÿoy½ geý.ÿhld rcfê w.ues
1963 - kef.k¾r w†ldŒ ú’j úoHd,fê %,ms
1964-85 - geýidÿhdfõ ckdêms
1970-85 - od¾ i,dï ú’j úoHd,fê %,ms
1977-90 - pdud pd fÞYmd,k jHdmdrfê iNdms
1984-85 - ½fl»ÿ lD¥ ú’j úoHd,fê %,ms
1897 - f,ÿý idu ;Hd.h
1992 - ´fudý fnd¸úhd¾ c.r iïudkh ,eîu
wNdjh - 1999'10'14
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kë\ßhdfõ wreKdf,»lh f,i ie,flk W¸h½ ÿhf¾f¾ w†ldfõ fndfydu .re ÑÃukg ,"ª f’Õg —Þ.,fh"' rg je´hý wor TÃg i,lýfý cdsfê –hd hk f.!rj kdufhý' wju my±lï i¾;" wsYh ÿ’lr mßirhl ´g rfÜ ÿoyi wkkH;djh fjŒfjý §¾> fjfyilr .uk" hýkg ÿhf¾f¾ g ye#hdj ,eÑfl wOHdmkh t"l ,eÑK mýkrh ÿid'
ÿoyi ,nýk l¸ý geý.ÿhld hk kdufhý yeýÓk ¹;dkHhg hgr m,d;l ôshud #hk “fÞYfê ÿhf¾f¾ Wm; ,eÑjd' #f,» óg¾ ú´ yhl ÿr" WfÞ yji md .uÿý weúo f.k 0¾ý ƒ¸l wOHdmkh ,eô Tà m±j W.ývdfõ ú’j úoHd,hl 2re jDrsh i|yd bf.k .r;d' wdlAfõ ûIHrjh" u; ¹;dkHhg 0¾ý wd¾Òl úoHdj yd bsydih iïnýOfhý by, wOHdmkh" ,nd .ýk wj½:dj ,eÑfl bý wkurejë' fï fjkfldg ráý –g 0¾ý Wmdëh" .ýk wj½:dj ,eì,d sÑfl ÿhf¾f¾ g l¸ý geý.ÿhldfõ ;j tlu t"flfk%g ú;rë' ! ú;r" fkfjë ¹;dkHfê bf.k .ýk wj½:dj ,eÑŒ m<· fjÿhd njgr Tà bsydihg t"ÓKd'
hgr úð;hl b;du ÿ’lr \ú;h" .; lrñý ¾á ÿhf¾f¾ ¹;dkHfê .; l< ld,h weu,; ;·ýf/ rfÜ ñÿ±ýf/ \jk uÜgu jf/u f,»lh ye´frk wýour" t¾ wes wj½:djý .ekr fyd| wjfn»Oh" ,nd.r;d' wdm± geý.ÿhldjg meñm ;reK ÿhf¾f¾ r½idj yeáhg f;»rd .rfr 2re jDrsh' ore oeßhýg bx7´ jf/u ;jr úIhhý #¾mh" W.ýjýk mgý .r;d' t;eÿý mgý .r; .uk by,gu weúr wdmà yeÍ n,k fj,djl ÿhf¾f¾ jr" ;·ýf/ iuldÍklhýg #õfõ zz 2re jDrsh uf/ f;»rd .e¡u" yeneë fÞYmd,khg wdfõ wyïfný ZZ #h,ë'
hu" lu" oýk úhr —Þ.,fh% yeáhg ÿhf¾f¾ g rfÜ iudcfê sÑfl f,d% –§.e¡u"' fï ÿidu yeu fyd| jevl§u TÃg ,eÑfl ·¨ —]j' geý.ÿhld w†ldŒ cdsl ixÑOdkh –¾]jd .rfr fï wýoug —¨¨ wjfn»Oh" wes llvdhu tlufj,d' ÿhf¾f¾g t;ek f,d% j.$u" orýk ´ÞOÓKd' wÓreÿ y;r" weu,; rfÜ md,k ;ýwhg cýofhý weu,r fjýk fï yryd ÿhf¾f¾ g wjldYh mEÿkd' wÓreÿ fol" .;fjk úg m,dfr uy weus yeáhg f;»rd .r;d' ¹;dkH hgr úð; Ndjfhý ÿoyi ,nk úg w.ues ;kurg mrª ÿhf¾f¾ ;jr flá ld,h" weu,; iK ÿoyi ,eô geýidÿhdfõ m<· ckdêms yeáhg rg fjŒfjý wkkH ª .uk" mgý .r;d'
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;·ý f/ wdfõÿl o"I;djh wŒj rfÜr" cd;Hý;r iudcfêr in|lï mdúÉÑ lrñý f¨ ì÷j" fkdfid¨jd rg" ì¾ lr .ýk ÿhf¾f¾ g ye#hdj ,eÑKd' ! wj½:dj Wod lr .rfr" iudc hym; ;lk kdhlfh% yeáhg rg u< weúÈñý ÿoyi fjŒfjý uyck yojr wjÈ lrñý f.k 0h jev –§fj, iu.' thg iudý;rj t"ir cdtýgr lrep oe"ªjd' k·r wj½:dj Wod Ófl tlg sÑK ieý´ndrfê kdhlhý yd tjlg ¹;dkH md,lhýf/ wjiý wdlAldrhd iu. f.k 0h idlÉPd ud,dj wjidkfê geýidÿhdj hŒfjý w†ldfõ w¨r rg" fjý lr .ýk ye#ùu t"l'
ÿoyf½ wdf,»lh rgg Wod ÓKd' k·r yeg .Kýj,§ geýidÿhdj #hýfý f,»lfê fndfydu ÿŸmr rg"' wOHdmk yd fi!LH jeÿ my±lï sÑfl wýsu my, uÜgul' Kh nßý ñßflñý yd wêl \jk úhou#ý ‘vd ú rfÜ uyck;dj fndfydu fj,djg ¾áfh ÿl fõokdj ;u Wreuh" f½ i,lñý' ÿhf¾f¾ fï ½jNdjh fjk½ lrýk b,"lh" wŒj jev igyk" yeÿjd' wýsfï§ ;·ýf/ ¾fr sÑK o¾Ykh )hdjg k.ñý ck Uú;h kxjýk ye#hdj ,eÑKd'
·¸ý mgý .rf; wOHdmkh" kes jeä¾áhýg wúêur wOHdmk my±lï wes lrñý' uyck;dj oeŒfuý iýkÞO jk úg rg bÈßhg f.khýk my± nj ÿhf¾f¾ wjfn»O lrf.k ¾áhd' ! jf/u Tà ÿoyi" ixj¾Okh yd úkh hk ldrKd uk rd·j" lrf.k ;·ýf/ o¾Ykh “smrs “ldYhg mr l<d' fï o¾Ykh hgfr lD¥l¾uh kxjýk jeä bv" fjý l<d' ! i|yd bvï fnod §u" há;, my±lï kexùu" ;d"IKh y÷ýjd§u i|yd úYd, wdfh»ckh" lrýk ÿhf¾¾ týÿ .r;d' tl mer;#ý w¨r ckmo yeÈ,d uyck;djf/ \jk ;rrjh kxjýk há;, my±lï wes fjk w;r ur wfk" merf;ý uyck;dj wjfn»Ofhý oeŒjr lrk jevigyk" il½ l< ÿid ÿhf¾f¾ o¾Ykh rg—rd mesreKd'
ÿhf¾f¾ iudc wd¾Ól ie,±ï iïmdokh lrkúg jvd #Ü]Ófl Ökhg' tlufj,d jev #Íu weu¨ iudcjd§ 2Kdx. Tà iudchg ldýÿ l<d' fï ixl¨m f.kdjr Tà rfÜ ix½lDshg yd wdfõÿl jákdlï mßydÿhg hýk bvÿýfý keye' ! jf/u Tà jev lf<a f,»lh .uý lrk rgdj y÷kd .ÿñý' w†ldŒ l,dmfê lD¥ fN». wmkhkh iïnýOfhý by,u ;ekl ¾á geýidÿhdj ÿhf¾f¾ f/ b,"lh wŒj t;ekg 0hd' tfyr ld,h" hkúg th wid¾:l Ófl f,»l ;r.ldÍrjhg ·ÃK foýk w¶re ùur t"l' wýsug geýidÿhdj #hýfý w†ldfõ jeäu lD¥fN». wdkhkh lrk rg njg mrfjñý sfnk úg ÿhf¾f¾ rfÜ wd¾Ólh újD; mer;gr" l¾udý; ÿmeðï jeä#Íu flfr¾r wjOdkh fhd· lrk nj “ldY lrýk –hjr .r;d'
w†ldŒ rgj¨ w;r tl·uj" jf/u iyfh».fhý c.r “cdj w;r w†ldŒjýf/ wkkH;djh i,%Œ lrýkr ÿhf¾f¾ oe"ªfê yenE Wkýÿj"' fudieïìldj" ´ñndífõ" jeÿ rgj¨ ng¾r md,kfhý ·ojd .ýkr ÿhf¾f¾ ! rgj, kdhlhýg ffO¾hh ÿýkd' fï i|yd ƒ¸l iem±ï yoýk wroe$ï fnod yod .ýk uyf.or njg mrÓfl geýidÿhdj' ;·ýf/u l¨ md,lhý f/ orep Ndjfhý uyck;dj ·od .ýkg ueÈyrª wj½:dj" yeáhg W.ývdfõ bä wóý md,khg tfr¾ùu fmýjd foýk —¨jý' geýidÿhdfõ ú´oyil ú;r y·odj" iu. W.ývd kdhlhý tlufj,d l< wr.,h wjidkfê bä wóý md,kh fjŒjg trgg w¨r kdhlrjh" ì¾ÓKd' fï fj,dfõ§ iuyrfokd fp»okd lf<a ÿhf¾f¾ wŒýf/ md,kh “cd;ýwjd§ lrýk Wridy lrkjd k·r ;·ýf/ rfÜ udkj ¾ñlï yd “cd;ýwjdoh .ek Wkýÿj" keye #h,ë' ldrKdj wer;' fï fjkfldg geýidÿhdfõ sÑfl tl m"Ihl md,kh"' uyck;djg ÿ´ ;ek foýk ¥to¾‚ kdhlfh% yeáhg lemùfuý jev l<d ñi fjk l¨mkdj" TÃg sÑfl keye' fï újdohg ÿh¾f¾ Wr;r ÿýfý ;·ýg È.gu ckdêms moúh orýk wjldY we;r 1985 wÓreÞfo tëý úËdu ,nñý'
rg tl ð.hlg f.k wd ÿhf¾f¾ ;u kdhlrjh hgfr .r iDW týÿ ÿid l¸ý sÑp w÷re j,d%¨ u¡ù meyenr rg" f,i w†ldŒ l,dmfê mjsýk geýidÿhdjg ye#hdj ,eÑKd' Tà ¶;, ðÞOh mejs jljdŒfõ Ójr o"¥K yd jdudxûl hk l|Óre folgu ueÈý ´áñý fomer; iu.u iunr iïnýO;djh" f.k hýk iurlï fmýŒjd'
ÿhf¾f¾ wjxl kdhlfh"' we;eï w†ldŒ fÞYmd,k{hý yeáhg ;kur mdúÉÑ fkdl< ÿid ·¨ f,»lhu TÃg .re l<d' moúfhý úËdu 0h ÿhf¾f¾ .ug 0hd' ôsud .fï f.dúf,md,l ´áñý ;jr ld,h" pdud pd fÞYmd,k jHdmdrhg ;u wroe$ï fnod ÿýkd' ;·ý f.dv ke3 rg hymr md,lhý wsý ;j ;jr by,g hkjd oe#ýk ÿhf¾f¾ ¾áfê fndfydu leuerf;ý' wfußldj" ¹;dkH lekvdj" býÈhdj weu¨ f,dj —rd rgj, ú’j úoHd, myf,dj" ÿhf¾f¾ g f.!rj Wmdê –ßke·jd' fýre cd;Hý;r iïudkh yd fk¨iý ueýfv,d iïudkh weu¨ Wmydr iïudk /i" –ßke·Kd'
f,»lh fkdor m,d;l Wmý orefj" fydý bf.kf.k m<·j f,»lh y·jg 0hd' w‹fh». y·fõ fkdieÍ ;·ýf/ “cdjr o¾Ykhlg wŒj hñý by¸ý Tijd ;eîu .ek wor geýidÿhdŒjý l;d lrýfý wdvïnrfhý' ! jf/u ;·ýf/ j.$u yd ðulï y÷kdf.k ÿ´ wj½:dfõ§ B<Õ mr—rg rg bÈßhg f.khýk bv ÿýkd' geýidÿhdŒjý ;u cdsfê kdhlhd yeáhg ÿy;ud¡j W¸h½ ÿhf¾f¾ g ¾i kud wdpdr lrýk #´ úfglr me#f,ýfý kes j. meyeȸë'
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